Class 10 Geography - Resources and Development

Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable is called a 'Resource'.

1. Classification of Resources

• On the Basis of Origin: Biotic (Living) and Abiotic (Non-living).
• On the Basis of Exhaustibility: Renewable (Solar, Wind) and Non-Renewable (Fossil Fuels).
• On the Basis of Ownership: Individual, Community, National, and International.
• On the Basis of Status of Development: Potential, Developed, Stock, and Reserves.

2. Resource Planning

In a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources, resource planning is crucial.

• Steps: Identification, Evolving a planning structure, and Matching plans with national development goals.

3. Sustainable Development

Sustainable economic development means development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.

• Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992: Adopted "Agenda 21" for achieving global sustainable development.

4. Land Resources in India

• Land Use Pattern: Forest (target 33%), Net Sown Area, Wasteland.
• Land Degradation: Caused by overgrazing (Gujarat, Rajasthan), mining (Jharkhand), and over-irrigation (Punjab, Haryana).

5. Soil as a Resource

Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. Major soil types in India:

1. Alluvial Soil: Most fertile, found in Northern Plains.
2. Black Soil: Ideal for growing cotton (Regur soil).
3. Red and Yellow Soil: Found in low rainfall areas.
4. Laterite Soil: Good for tea and coffee.
5. Arid Soil: Sandy and saline.

Tip: Focus on the "Nature of Soils" and their locations on the map for your board exams! 🌍🗺️