Class 10 Hindi - Vyakaran
1. Ras (रस)
Kavya ko padhne se jo Anand milta hai, use Ras kehte hain.
- Hasya Ras (हास्य): Hasi aana. Ex: Bandar ne kaha bandariya se...
- Karun Ras (करुण): Dukh/Shok. Ex: Dekhi Sudama ki deen dasha...
- Veer Ras (वीर): Utsah/Bravery. Ex: Khoob ladi mardani woh toh...
- Shringar Ras (शृंगार): Prem (Love).
2. Alankar (अलंकार)
Figures of speech.
- Anupras (अनुप्रास): Frequency of a letter. Ex: Charu chandra ki chanchal kirane... (Ch ki aavritti).
- Yamak (यमक): Same word, different meaning. Ex: Kanak Kanak te sau guni... (Gold and Datura).
- Upama (उपमा): Comparison using 'Sa', 'Si'. Ex: Chand sa sundar mukh.
Grammar rule: Identify the 'Sthayi Bhav' (Permanent Emotion) for full marks! 🕉️📖
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