Class 11 Pol. Science - The Constitution

The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. It coordinates the government and the citizens.

1. Why do we need a Constitution?

• Allow Coordination and Assurance: Provides basic rules for minimal coordination among members of a society.
• Specification of Decision Making Powers: Decides who gets to decide.
• Limitations on Powers of Government: Ensures rights of citizens are protected.
• Aspirations and Goals: Enables the government to fulfill the aspirations of a society (e.g., equality).

2. Making of the Indian Constitution

• Drafted by the Constituent Assembly.
• First meeting: 9 December 1946.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the President; Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
• Time taken: 2 years, 11 months, 18 days.
• Adopted on 26 November 1949.
• Came into effect on 26 January 1950.

3. Borrowed Features

• British Constitution: Parliamentary form, Rule of Law.
• US Constitution: Fundamental Rights, Judicial Review.
• Irish Constitution: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
• French Constitution: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.

Tip: Memorize the Preamble! It is the "Soul of the Constitution." 🇮🇳📜